Art. 1426. Protective orders; motions to quash

            A. Upon motion by a party or by the person from whom discovery is sought or to whom a subpoena is issued, and for good cause shown, the court in which the action is pending or alternatively, on matters relating to a deposition or subpoena, the court in the district where the deposition is to be taken or by which the subpoena is issued may make any order that justice requires to protect a party or person from annoyance, embarrassment, oppression, or undue burden or expense, including one or more of the following:

            (1) That the discovery not be had.

            (2) That the discovery may be had only on specified terms and conditions, including a designation of the time or place.

            (3) That the discovery may be had only by a method of discovery other than that selected by the party seeking discovery.

            (4) That certain matters not be inquired into, or that the scope of the discovery be limited to certain matters.

            (5) That discovery be conducted with no one present except persons designated by the court.

            (6) That a deposition after being sealed be opened only by order of the court.

            (7) That a trade secret or other confidential research, development, or commercial information not be disclosed or be disclosed only in a designated way.

            (8) That the parties simultaneously file specified documents or information enclosed in sealed envelopes to be opened as directed by the courts.

            B. If the motion for a protective order or a motion to quash is denied in whole or in part, the court may, on terms and conditions as are just, order that any party or person provide or permit discovery. The provisions of Article 1469 apply to the award of expenses incurred in relation to the motion.

            C. No provision of this Article authorizes a court to issue a protective order or grant a motion to quash preventing or limiting discovery or ordering records sealed if the information or material sought to be protected relates to a public hazard or relates to information that may be useful to members of the public in protecting themselves from injury that might result from the public hazard, unless the information or material sought to be protected is a trade secret or other confidential research, development, or commercial information.

            D. Any portion of an agreement or contract which has the purpose or effect of concealing a public hazard, any information relating to a public hazard, or any information which may be useful to members of the public in protecting themselves from injury that might result from a public hazard is null and shall be void and unenforceable as contrary to public policy, unless such information is a trade secret or other confidential research, development, or commercial information.

            E. Any substantially affected person or any representative of the news media has standing to contest any order or judgment that violates the provisions of Paragraph C of this Article or any agreement or contract contrary to public policy pursuant to Paragraph D of this Article.

            Acts 1976, No. 574, §1; Acts 1995, No. 49, §1; Acts 2026, No. 127, §1.